The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice late to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.